A Level History - America - Practice Exam

Who were the cowboys?

1. Cattle drivers responsible for herding and marketing cattle

2. Farmers who planted crops exclusively

3. Military personnel stationed in the West

4. Merchants who sold goods to settlers

The correct answer is: Cattle drivers responsible for herding and marketing cattle

The cowboys were primarily cattle drivers responsible for herding and marketing cattle. This role was vital in the development of the American West during the late 19th century, particularly after the Civil War when there was a growing demand for beef in the eastern United States. Cowboys drove cattle along cattle trails to railheads, where the cattle would be shipped to market. This practice not only helped to meet the burgeoning demand for beef but also played a significant role in shaping the culture and identity of the American West. The cowboy's work involved skills in horseback riding, roping, and understanding cattle behavior, making them integral to the ranching industry. Their lifestyle and the legends that grew around them have become iconic representations of American culture, celebrating themes of independence and adventure. The other roles mentioned, such as farmers, military personnel, or merchants, do not encapsulate the specific responsibilities and cultural significance attributed to cowboys in the context of American history. Farmers primarily focused on agricultural production, military personnel were involved in maintaining order and defending territories, and merchants facilitated trade but did not engage in the herding or marketing of cattle directly like cowboys did. Thus, the core definition of cowboys as cattle drivers is what sets them apart in the historical narrative of the