A Level History - America - Practice Exam

Which of the following was a push factor that led people to urban areas?

1. Availability of jobs in agriculture

2. Political and economic discontent

3. Promotion of industrial growth

4. Access to higher education

The correct answer is: Political and economic discontent

The push factor that led people to urban areas is political and economic discontent. During various periods in American history, particularly in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, many individuals and families experienced significant hardships in rural areas due to a range of factors like poor agricultural conditions, economic instability, or oppressive political regimes. These issues often persuaded them to leave their homes in search of better opportunities and a more stable life in growing urban centers. In contrast, the other options either represent pull factors that attracted individuals to cities rather than driving them away from rural areas or do not align with the overarching themes of discontent during periods of migration. For example, the availability of jobs in agriculture does not push people toward cities; rather, it maintains them in rural settings. Similarly, the promotion of industrial growth and access to higher education are aspects that might draw individuals to urban areas, shining a light on the opportunities available there, rather than reflecting the circumstances that compel a migration from the countryside.