A Level History - America - Practice Exam

Which amendment established the federal income tax during the progressive era?

1. 17th amendment

2. 18th amendment

3. 16th amendment

4. 19th amendment

The correct answer is: 16th amendment

The establishment of the federal income tax during the Progressive Era is attributed to the 16th amendment to the United States Constitution. Ratified in 1913, this amendment allowed Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states based on population, thereby circumventing previous Supreme Court rulings that restricted such taxes. This change was significant because it provided the federal government with a new, consistent source of revenue, which was critical for funding various progressive reforms aimed at addressing economic and social issues. The Progressive Era was marked by efforts to reduce inequality and improve government functioning, and the income tax was seen as a way to achieve greater fiscal equity. The other amendments mentioned focus on different issues: the 17th amendment allowed for the direct election of senators, the 18th amendment established Prohibition, and the 19th amendment granted women the right to vote. None of these amendments are related to the establishment of federal income taxation.