A Level History - America - Practice Exam

What was the main focus of the muckrakers during the early 20th century?

1. Promoting socialist ideas

2. Exposing corruption and societal issues

3. Encouraging government decisions without public input

4. Advocating for corporate monopolies

The correct answer is: Exposing corruption and societal issues

The main focus of the muckrakers during the early 20th century was to expose corruption and societal issues. Muckrakers were investigative journalists and writers who sought to bring to light the various injustices and corrupt practices occurring in American society, particularly those associated with politics and big business. Their work aimed to inform the public about the negative impacts of corporate greed, political corruption, urban poverty, labor exploitation, and environmental degradation. Prominent muckrakers included figures like Upton Sinclair, whose novel "The Jungle" shed light on the appalling conditions within the meatpacking industry, and Ida Tarbell, who wrote about the monopolistic practices of Standard Oil. These revelations played a crucial role in initiating reforms and led to significant changes in legislation addressing labor rights, public health, and corporate regulation. Focus areas for muckrakers included government malfeasance, unethical corporate practices, and the suffering of ordinary people, making their contributions central to the Progressive Era's reform movements. Their investigations were instrumental in igniting public outcry and advocating for policy changes that aimed to improve the quality of life and uphold democratic principles in America.