A Level History - America - Practice Exam

What was Andrew Carnegie's contribution to the steel industry?

1. He promoted the use of iron over steel

2. He introduced vertical integration to streamline production

3. He limited production to railroads only

4. He emphasized foreign investment in American steel

The correct answer is: He introduced vertical integration to streamline production

Andrew Carnegie's significant contribution to the steel industry lies in his introduction of vertical integration, which streamlined production processes. By controlling multiple stages of production—starting from raw material extraction (iron ore) to the manufacturing and distribution of steel—Carnegie was able to reduce costs, improve efficiency, and ensure quality control. This method not only gave him a competitive edge over his rivals but revolutionized how industries could operate by minimizing reliance on external suppliers and reducing production delays. The other options do not accurately reflect Carnegie’s contributions. While he did produce for various sectors, including railroads, he did not limit production solely to them, nor did he promote the use of iron over steel. Emphasizing foreign investment was not a hallmark of his approach; instead, his focus was on building a robust domestic production system. Carnegie's strategies and innovations were pivotal in making steel a foundational material for America's industrial growth during the late 19th century.