A Level History - America - Practice Exam

What sparked the economic decline in the National Labour Union's membership in the early 1870s?

1. A successful strike in the steel industry

2. A major economic crash in 1873

3. Government intervention in labor disputes

4. Formation of rival labor organizations

The correct answer is: A major economic crash in 1873

The correct choice, identifying a major economic crash in 1873 as the catalyst for the decline in the National Labour Union's membership, reflects the significant impact of economic conditions on labor organizations. The economic downturn triggered by the Panic of 1873 led to widespread financial instability, business failures, unemployment, and reduced wages. As companies struggled to cope with the economic strain, many workers faced job loss or decreasing job security, undermining their willingness or ability to participate in labor unions. This environmental stress made it difficult for the National Labour Union to maintain its organizing strength or to attract new members during a period when job security was fleeting. Additionally, the association of labor unions with strikes and demands for better conditions became less appealing to workers desperate to hold onto jobs, leading to a decline in member engagement and recruitment efforts. The impact of the economic crash during this period highlights the interconnectedness of labor movements and the broader economic context, emphasizing that external economic factors can profoundly influence labor organization dynamics.