A Level History - America - Practice Exam

What restriction did the Tenure of Office Act impose?

1. President could not hire new cabinet members

2. President could not remove certain officeholders without consent

3. Senate approval was required for all presidential appointments

4. All cabinet members could only serve one term

The correct answer is: President could not remove certain officeholders without consent

The Tenure of Office Act was a significant piece of legislation enacted in 1867 during the Reconstruction Era. Its primary aim was to limit the power of the President, particularly in regard to the removal of certain officeholders without Senate approval. The act specifically required that the President could not remove any officials who had been appointed with the advice and consent of the Senate unless the Senate agreed to the removal as well. This restriction was rooted in a political context where Congress sought to curtail the authority of President Andrew Johnson, who had been making appointments and removals that were contrary to the goals of the Reconstruction governments. The act ultimately played a crucial role in the impeachment of Johnson, as he violated it by attempting to remove Edwin M. Stanton, the Secretary of War. Understanding the implications of the Tenure of Office Act provides insight into the broader power struggle between the executive and legislative branches during this turbulent period in American history. It highlights efforts to establish checks and balances, even as the country was grappling with issues of race, citizenship, and governance following the Civil War.