A Level History - America - Practice Exam

What major reform is James Garfield known for during his time?

1. He enacted stricter immigration laws

2. He attempted to end the spoils system

3. He expanded the military funding for the navy

4. He authorized the building of the Panama Canal

The correct answer is: He attempted to end the spoils system

James Garfield is primarily known for his efforts to reform the patronage system, specifically his attempts to end the spoils system. The spoils system, which was prevalent in American politics at the time, involved giving government jobs to political supporters without regard to their qualifications. Garfield, who was himself a product of the Republican Party's internal strife over these patronage practices, believed in merit-based appointments. During his brief presidency, Garfield sought to reduce the influence of the spoils system by advocating for civil service reform. He appointed individuals to office based on their abilities and supported the idea that government positions should be filled through competitive exams rather than through connections or political favors. These actions were designed to improve the efficiency and integrity of the federal government. While the other options reflect important historical issues, they do not accurately portray Garfield's significant reform efforts. For instance, he did not have the opportunity to enact stricter immigration laws, greatly expand military funding, or authorize the construction of the Panama Canal, which was a major project that post-dated his presidency. Instead, Garfield's legacy is closely tied to his commitment to civil service reform and his vision of a more professional government.