A Level History - America - Practice Exam

What conflict arose after the Philippines were denied independence?

1. A civil war among Filipino factions

2. A three-year guerrilla war

3. A direct military conflict with Japan

4. A peace treaty with Spain

The correct answer is: A three-year guerrilla war

The conflict that arose after the Philippines were denied independence manifested as a three-year guerrilla war, known as the Philippine-American War, which began in 1899 and continued until 1902. The backdrop to this conflict was the Philippine struggle for self-determination following the Spanish-American War, when the United States took control of the Philippines. This situation ignited widespread resentment among Filipinos who hoped for independence after years of Spanish colonial rule. The war was characterized by unconventional warfare tactics, as many Filipino fighters employed guerrilla strategies against the more technologically advanced U.S. military. The guerrilla warfare stemmed from the Filipinos' fight against perceived imperialism and their desire for sovereignty, which they felt was thwarted by the U.S. annexation of their territory. In this context, other potential conflicts listed do not align with the reality of the situation. A civil war among Filipino factions did occur at times but was not the main outcome of U.S. denial of independence. A direct military conflict with Japan is not relevant, as Japan was not involved in the conflict directly at that time. Lastly, a peace treaty with Spain does not pertain to the post-1898 period, as Spain had already ceded control of the Philippines to